Alice Fell (William Wordsworth)

Alice Fell
William Wordsworth (1770-1850)

The Post-boy drove with fierce career,
For threat'ning clouds the moon had drown'd;
When suddenly I seem'd to hear
A moan, a lamentable sound.

As if the wind blew many ways
I heard the sound, and more and more:
It seem'd to follow with the Chaise,
And still I heard it as before.

At length I to the Boy call'd out,
He stopp'd hi horses at the word;
But neither cry, nor voice, nor shout
Nor aught else like it could be heard.

The Boy then smack'd his whip, and fast
The horses scamper'd through the rain;
And soon I heard upon the blast
The voice, and bad him halt again.

Said I, alighting on the ground,
"What can it be, this piteous moan?"
And there a little Girl I found,
Sitting behind the Chaise, alone.

"My Cloak!" the word was last and first,
And loud and bitterly she wept,
As if her very heart would burst;
And down from off the Chaise she leapt.

"What ails you, Child?" she sobb'd, "Look here!"
I saw it in the wheel entangled,
A weather beaten Rag as e'er
From any garden scare-crow dangled.

'Twas twisted betwixt nave and spoke;
Her help she lent, and with good heed 
Together we released the Cloak;
A wretched, wretched rag indeed!

"And whither are you going, Child,
To night along these lonesome ways?"
"To Durham" answer'd she half wild--
"Then come with me into the chaise."

She sat elike one past all relief;
Sob after sob she forth did send
In wretchedness, as if her grief
Could never, never, have an end.

"My Child, in Durham do you dwell?"
She check'd herself in her distress,
And said, "My name is Alice Fell;
I'm fatherless and motherless."
 
"And I to Durham, Sir, belong."
And then, as if the thought would choke 
Her very heart, her grief grew strong;
And all was for her tatter'd Cloak.

The chaise drove on; our journey's end
Was nigh; and, sitting by my side,
As if she'd lost her only friend
She wept, nor would be pacified.

Up to the Tavern-door we post;
Of Alice and her grief I told;
And I gave money to the Host,
To buy a new Cloak for the old.

"And let it be of duffil grey,
As warm a cloak as man can sell!"
Proud Creature was she the next day,
The little Orphan, Alice Fell!

In Wordsworth’s poem Alice Fell, he is dramatizing the idea that poverty is one of the main reasons for misery in the British Romanticism era.  The narrator is an unnamed speaker who meets the girl, Alice Fell on the road.  They are never identified as a male or female, although when reading the poem it felt as though it was a male.  The narrator isn’t speaking to any audience in particular, and only addresses the only three other characters mentioned in the poem—the Post-boy, Alice Fell, and the Host of the Tavern.

The poem is written in a standard ABAB rhyme scheme.  The words that seemed to provide the most effect are the last word or two of each stanza.  Those last few words tend to truly make an impact, because it is usually at the end of each stanza that a reader thinks about what they just read.  It isn’t at the beginning, or the middle, it is at the end.  It provides a clean break for the reader to stop and think before continuing on to the next stanza. 

The poem takes place in the night, when the narrator is riding in his chaise to an unnamed destination, though later in the poem, whether it was the original destination or not, it is Durham.  “For threat’ning clouds the moon had drown’d…” (2) The narrator and the Post-boy are trying to escape an on-coming storm. 

The narrator meets Alice Fell on the road when he is travelling in his chaise.  The two encounter one another when he hears Alice crying out.  “When suddenly I seem’d to hear, A moan, a lamentable sound.” (4) The narrator pities Alice, especially when he sees that the cause of her distress is an already ratted cloak caught in the wheel.  “I saw it in the wheel entangled, A weather beaten rag as e’er…A wretched, wretched rag indeed!” (26-27, 32) When he comes across Alice in her state of distress, Wordsworth seems to be trying to convey that the reason her particular character is in such a state of misery is due to her poverty the fact that she is an orphan.  The reader would understand that given the time during which Wordsworth had written the poem, this was the most common cause of a person’s misery. 

 

Work Without Hope (Samuel Taylor Coleridge)

Work Without Hope

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)

All Nature seems at work.  Slugs leave their lair-

The bees are stirring-birds are on the wing-

And Winter slumbering in the open air,

Wears on his smiling face a dream of Spring!

And I the while, the sole unbusy thing,
Nor honey make nor pair, nor uild, nor sing.

Yet well I ken the banks where amaranths blow,

Have traced the fount whence streams of nectar flow

Bloom, O ye amaranths! Bloom for whome ye may,

For me ye bloom not! Glide, rich streams, away!

With lips unbrightened, wreathless brow, I stroll:

And would you learn the spells that drowse my soul?

Work without Hope draws nectar in a sieve,

And Hope without an object cannot live. 

The poem Work Without Hope by Coleridge is a poem written through the eyes of the narrator, describing his observations of the new spring.  In the first stanza of the poem, the narrator expresses his dark and rather depressed moods regarding the contrast of himself to the busy workings of nature.  The narrator examines how nature, as well as all the creatures which exist in it are constantly in motion, executing some sort of task. “All Nature seems at work.  Slugs leave their lair—the bees are stirring—birds are on the wing…” (1-2) While the narrator observes all of this, the reader can observe through his attitude that he has a difficult time appreciating all of this, as well as himself.  He perceives himself as a “sole unbusy thing,” (5) when contrasting himself to the constant happenings and tasks carried out by the creatures in nature.  “And I the while, the sole unbusy thing, Nor honey make, nor pair, nor build, nor sing.” (5-6) The narrator’s absolutely dark and negative opinion of himself provides for an incredibly dismal contrast against the pleasant and vivid “backdrop” of nature provided by his own observations.

In the second stanza, the narrator further develops his dark feelings while observing the beauty of nature.  When he sees the amaranths, he exclaims, “Bloom, O ye amaranths! Bloom for whom ye may, for me ye bloom not!” (9-10) The narrator sees the beauty surrounding him, and he acknowledges it, but because of his tenebrous views of himself as well as his depression, he fails to appreciate it.  He describes his appearance contrasting himself even more with nature, this time with the resplendent amaranths, “With lips un-brightened, wreathless brow…(11) The narrator further perpetuates his dark ideas when he refers to his depression as “the spells that drowse my soul?” (12)

The final two lines of the second stanza are remarkably thought provoking, as they force a reader to sit back and mull over life as well as life-goals and achievements.  “Work without Hope draws nectar in a sieve, and Hope without an object cannot live.” (13-14) These final lines are, in my opinion, a very accurate deduction about life.  Working without promise for a reward, or justification of hard work, (hope) removes all the sweetness, (nectar) of a job well done.  If there is nothing to hope for, then the hope will eventually die, as one cannot simply hope for nothing.  The hope for something that proves the hard work was worth everything is generally the sole reason people work in the first place.  Some work for the hope to provide their family with a good life.  Some work for the hope to simply justify their life and make a name for themselves. Others work to maybe save up for that car they’ve been wanting.  Whatever the reason, people generally work in hope to achieve something.  However, without that object, or goal to achieve, there is nothing to hope for in the end.